黑格尔主谓关系思想的批判性分析

A Critical Analysis of Hegel’s Subject-Predicate Relation Thought

黑格尔认为不存在始终只能作主词的实体,他拒绝把实体看成不变不动的基体。实体即主体就是主词即谓词,只有以概念思维中运动着的主体取代形式思维中不动的实体,主词和谓词、实体和主体才能实现差异的同一。主谓颠倒的关键在于"是"成为"是起来",即判断的系词"是"转变为动词"是起来"(be成为to be),这样才能展开从概念到概念的纯粹的、先验的推演。黑格尔主张实体即主体,目的是论证自由何以可能,他把"纯存在"作为世界产生的逻辑起点,把概念等同于对象,黑格尔没有把握到感性的、现实的活动对于实现自由的重要性,他的自由只是概念的自由,不是现实的自由。

Hegel rejects the view of subject-predicate relation in traditional logic.He does not believe that there exists an entity that can only be a subject all the time,and he refuses to regard the subject as an immovable substrate.Only when the moving subject in conceptual thinking takes place of the immovable entity in formal thinking,can the subject and predicate,entity and subject achieve the identity of difference.The key to the interconversion is that the preposition“be”in the judgment turns into the verb“to be”,and then the pure transcendental deduction from concept to concept can be carried out.Hegel advocates entity as subject in order to finally demonstrate how freedom is possible.He takes“pure existence”as the logical starting point of the world and equates concepts with objects,but fails to grasp the importance of perceptual and realistic activities for the realization of freedom.His freedom is only freedom of concept,not that of reality.