活血化瘀中药抗血小板作用机制的研究综述

Review on antiplatelet action mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis

活血化瘀中药具有通行血脉、消散瘀滞的功效。目前关于活血化瘀中药的研究众多,作用机制研究一直是抗血小板中药研究的弱势环节,研究多侧重于药效方面,缺乏随机对照实验、体内外实验等深入研究,至今尚未有一味中药或其有效成分抗血小板作用机制如西药一样明确。为明确活血化瘀中药抗血小板的作用途径与靶点,查阅和整理近年来国内文献资料,对活血化瘀中药抗血小板作用机制的研究情况进行归纳和总结,以期为活血化瘀中药的临床应用提供参考,充分发挥中医药的特色和优势,促进中药的开发与利用。活血化瘀中药可以通过血小板膜糖蛋白途径、致聚剂诱导途径、钙离子途径、花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,AA)代谢途径、环磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate,cAMP)代谢途径、血小板释放途径发挥抗血小板作用。

Chinese herbal medicine for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis has the effect of passing blood vessels and dissipating blood stasis.At present,there are many studies on Chinese herbal medicine for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis.The mechanism of action has always been a weak link in the study of Chinese herbal medicine for antiplatelet.Most of the studies focus on pharmacodynamics,and lack of in-depth studies such as randomized controlled experiments,in vivo and in vitro experiments.So far,there has not been a Chinese herbal medicine or its active component’s antiplatelet action mechanism as clear as western medicine.In order to clarify the ways and targets of antiplatelet action of Chinese herbal medicine for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis,the domestic literature in recent years were consulted and sort outed.In this paper,the research situation of antiplatelet mechanism action of Chinese herbal medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis was summarized,in order to provide reference for clinical application and give full play to the characteristics and advantages of Chinese herbal medicine,and to promote the development and utilization of Chinese herbal medicine.Chinese herbal medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis can exert antiplatelet effects through platelet membrane glycoprotein pathway,polymerizing agent induction pathway,calcium ion pathway,arachidonic acid(AA)metabolic pathway,cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)metabolic pathway,and platelet release pathway.