赣语昌都片方言中古入声字今读特点与演变规律

The Characteristics and Evolution Law of the Modern Pronunciation of Rusheng Tone Characters of Ancient Chinese in Chang-du Group of Gan Dialect

昌都片赣语是赣语在江西境内的分片之一。同赣语其他片区方言相比较,昌都片赣语中中古入声发展演变很有特色。昌都片赣语中古入声调类演变条件有声母清浊、古声母送气与否、韵摄来源。从地理分布来看,北部方言入声字舒声化进程快于南部方言;从语音系统内部来看,不同声母的入声字舒声化进程也有差异,大多数方言浊入字先于清入字发生舒声化演变,浊入声字舒声化演变以归向阳去调为常。都昌小片清入声字舒声化演变以归向阴去调为常,浊入声字今读存在读阳去、阳平等多种演变趋向。昌都片赣语中古入声字今读韵尾分布类型有新建长堎型、都昌阳峰型、德安蒲亭型等三大类。入声字今读韵尾因古声母来源不同而舒化进程不同,韵尾音值因音节内前置元音而演变途径多样化。昌都片赣语入声字韵尾今读类型既有历史发展的传承性,又有区域性创新,入声字韵尾特点初现于宋代,其中[-t]韵尾至[-l]韵尾音变至今仍处在词汇扩散阶段。

Chang-du group is one of classification of Gan dialect,which is located in northern Jiangxi.Compared with other dialects in Gan dialect,the development of the MC Rusheng endings(i.e.p/t/k,consonant)of Chang-du group in the Gan dialect is quite distinctive.This paper is based on 167 dialect points.From the two angles of the MC Rusheng tone category and the MC Rusheng endings(i.e.p/t/k,consonant),this paper studies the evolution of the MC Rusheng of Chang-du group dialect.On the development of the MC Rusheng tone category,the main points of this paper are as follows:the tonal development conditions is mainly due to the initial consonant pronunciation(unvoiced and voiced),aspiration and non-aspiration of the initial consonant,the source of the MC rhyme groups.In terms of geographical distribution,the disappearance of the Rusheng tone in the northern dialect is faster than that in the southern dialect.Within the voice system,There are also differences in the disappearance process of the Rusheng tone characters with different initials.In most dialects,the Rusheng tone with voiced initials disappear first,usually it becomes Yang qu tone.This phenomenon of Ciqing initials(voiceless)pronounced as voiced initials occurs in Duchang group dialect,the Rusheng with Ciqing initials(voiceless)disappear first,usually it becomes Yinqu tone.On the development of the MC Rusheng endings(i.e.p/t/k,consonant),the main points of this paper are as follows:There are 3 types of distribution of the Rusheng endings in Chang-du group of Gan dialect.The development process of the MC Rusheng endings is different because of the different origins of the ancient initials.Various ways of evolution of finals due to the vowels in front of it.The type of the Rusheng endings of Gan dialect is not only inherited from the historical development,but also has regional innovation.The characteristics of the Rusheng endings first appeared in the Song Dynasty.The change from[-t]to[-l]is still in the stage of lexical diffusion.