高速列车受电弓不同姿态下气动特性分析

Aerodynamic Characteristics of High-speed Train Pantograph in Different Operation

通过建立受电弓-列车-接触网系统模型,基于横风条件下,采用分离涡模拟方法研究受电弓不同姿态运行时的非定常气动特性,分析三维绕流场内涡量、流线、压力等的变化规律,以及不同姿态下受电弓气动力、力矩系数的时程变化规律及频域特性,探讨受电弓闭口运行与开口运行时绕流特性的差异。结果表明:在闭口姿态时,底座和下臂部分流场区域受到强烈干扰,在开口姿态时,滑板和上臂部分流场区域受到较强扰动;相对于闭口姿态,开口姿态中Cx和Cz的时均值增加了8.3%和10%,其波动量相差在7%以内,Cy的波动量为闭口姿态的30%左右,其最大值和最小值是闭口姿态的1.4倍和4.2倍;开口姿态下My、Mz和Mx的增幅值分别为6.7%、2.3%和3%,My和Mz的波动量增加了13.6%和7.2%,Mx的波动量增幅为闭口姿态工况的1.5倍。研究结果对横风作用下受电弓不同姿态运行的气动特性研究及应用具有重要意义和价值。

Based on the high-speed train pantograph prototype,a pantograph-train-contact network system model was established.By using the simulation method of separating vortex,the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of open operation and the closed operation were analyzed with the crosswind action.The variation law of vorticity,streamline and pressure in the three-dimensional flow field was obtained.The time-domain and frequency domain characteristics of the pantograph aerodynamic and moment coefficients in different attitudes were analyzed.The distribution law of the pressure field and the difference between flow characteristics of the pantograph in closed operation and the open operation were discussed.The results show that in the closed operation,the flow field of the chassis and the lower arm is strongly disturbed.In the opening operation,the flow field area of the sliding plate and the upper arm portion is strongly disturbed.Compared with the closed operation,the average value of Cx and Cz in the opening operation is increased by 8.3%and 10%,and the fluctuation amount is within 7%.The fluctuation amount of Cy is about 30%of the closed operation,and its maximum and minimum value is 1.4 times and 4.2 times of that of closed operation.The average time of My and Mz increases by 6.7%and 2.3%in the open operation,the fluctuation increases by 13.6%and 7.2%,and the average value of Mx increases by 3%,but the fluctuation increases greatly.The maximum value is 1.5 times of the closed operation.The research results have important significance and value for the study and application of unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of pantograph under crosswind.