扶知、扶智、扶志:新时期教育扶贫的三重策略

Imparting Knowledge,Developing Intelligence and Raising Aspirations:Three Strategies of Alleviating Poverty through Education in the New Period

新时期教育扶贫可以采取扶知、扶智、扶志三重策略。从点上看,基于共享理念的扶知是教育公平的区域化体现,需要区域间推进教育平衡、以输血引导造血、突显教育先导性,以基础设施建设和应用学科发展、原生与引进师资队伍建设、贫困地区和贫困对象的教育扶持为方向,从对象识别确定、内容筛选、成效认定和考评等方面进行扶知。从线上看,要基于阻隔贫困代际传递开展扶智,不仅要明确扶智对象的现实诉求,发挥贫困地区扶智活动不同主体的重点优势,而且要结合现代教育技术和规律,打造能影响一代人的扶智方式。从面上看,基于内生动力的扶志活动由外而内开展精神扶贫。要聚焦贫困学生的主观能动性,创新政策宣贯形式;立足打造主动脱贫意识,改造扶志文化和环境;着眼于提高物质对精神的支撑度,以“腰包鼓”确保“腰杆硬”。

In the new period poverty alleviation through education can be carried out with three strategies:imparting knowledge,developing intelligence and raising aspirations.Looked from the point,imparting knowledge based on the concept of sharing is the regional manifestation of educational equality,which requires the promotion of balanced education among regions,blood-making through blood transfusion and highlighting the guidance of education,with the construction of infrastructure and the development of applied disciplines,the construction of original and imported teaching staff,and the support of poverty-stricken areas and impoverished objects through education as the direction.And then we can impart knowledge by identifying the objects,filtering contents,ascertaining and evaluating results.Looked from the line,the development of intelligence should be based on the blocking of intergenerational transmission of poverty.We should not only make clear the actual demands of those who need the development of intelligence,bringing the advantages of different subjects in the development of intelligence in poverty-stricken areas into full play,but also create the method of developing intelligence influencing one generation in combination with the modern educational technology and law.And looked from the area,the raising of aspirations based on internal force should be carried out through the outside-in spiritual alleviation of poverty,which focuses on the subjective initiative of poor students to innovate the form of publicizing and implementing policies,endeavors to raise the awareness of actively alleviating poverty to transform the culture and environment of raising aspirations,and emphasizes the support of material for spirit to ensure the“erect back”through“deep pocket”.