社区反恐:性质、效果与路径分析

Community Counterterrorism:Its Characters,Effects and Paths

社区反恐以具有地理性、集群性和交往性的社区为阵地,通过居民、设施和技术来防范恐怖主义,与国家反恐和全民反恐构成整体性反恐的三种耦合力量。社区反恐是一种“自下而上”的、柔性的和情境性的社会控制,主要依靠有计划的干预措施以制造“障碍”来减少违法犯罪的机会,从而抑制恐怖活动的发生。社区反恐的域外实践显示其优缺点共存。我国在推进社区反恐构建过程中,应当建立群众监管、设施“目标强化”以及技术监控并存的协同防控体系。

Taking communities with geographical,clustered and communicative features as the front,community counterterrorism relies on residents,facilities and technologies to prevent terrorism,and constitutes one of the three associated forces for integrated counterterrorism with state counterterrorism and citizen counterterrorism.As a kind of"bottom-up",flexible and situational social control,community counterterrorism mainly relies on planned interventions to create"obstacles"for reducing law-breaking occasions,and thus restraining the occurrence of terrorist activities.The counterterrorism practice in other countries and regions have revealed the coexisting advantages and disadvantages.In the process to advance the construction of community antiterrorism in China,we should establish a coordinated prevention and control system which is composed of mass supervision,"target-enhanced"facilities,and technical monitoring.