水分亏缺和栽培模式对设施黄瓜根系分布的影响

Effects of Water Deficit and Cultivation Mode on the Distribution of Cucumber Root System

以"津优316"黄瓜为试材,在定植密度相同时,设置了"宽窄行模式+70%灌溉量"(T1)、"单行模式+70%灌溉量"(T2)、"单行模式+常规灌溉量"(T3)、"宽窄行模式+常规灌溉量"(T4)4个处理,定植后5 d开始节水处理,共处理237 d,测定了定植后6周黄瓜根系分布特征、黄瓜全生育期产量,以期揭示滴灌水分亏缺对黄瓜根系分布、产量的调控效应,筛选适宜的节水栽培模式。结果表明:与T4相比,T1根系水平分布受限、垂直分布增加、根系表面积和体积显著减少,产量降低10.35%;T2根系水平分布受限、垂直分布增加、根系表面积和体积显著减少,产量降低6.58%;T3黄瓜根系分布差异不显著,产量增加了3.57%。因此,单行栽培和节水灌溉均可减少黄瓜根系水平分布而增加垂直分布;"单行模式+常规灌溉量"处理在保证产量的前提下可实现肥料的集中施用,"单行模式+70%灌溉量"处理在降低产量6.58%情况下节水30%,均是适宜的滴灌水分亏缺模式。

In order to reveal the effects of drip irrigation water deficit on distribution of cucumber root system,and yield,and select a suitable water-saving cultivation model,‘Jinyou316’ cucumber was selected as test material,and four different treatments of irrigation and cultivation model were set at the same planting density.Four treatment were ‘wide and narrow line mode+70% irrigation amount’(T1),‘single line mode+70% irrigation amount’(T2),‘single line mode+conventional irrigation amount’(T3),‘width and narrow line mode+conventional irrigation amount’(T4).Water-saving started on the 5 th day after planting and continue for 237 days.Distribution of cucumber root system was determined on the 6 th week after planting and the total yield was recorded.The results showed that compared with T4,the horizontal distribution of roots was limited,the vertical distribution was increased,the root surface area and volume were decreased significantly,and the yield was decreased by 10.35% in T1.The horizontal distribution of roots was limited,the vertical distribution was increased,and the root surface area and volume were decreased significantly,and the yield was decrease by 6.58% in T2.The difference in root distribution between T3 and T4 were not significant,and the yield of T3 was increased by 3.57%.Therefore,both single-row cultivation and water-saving irrigation could reduce the horizontal distribution of cucumber roots and increase the vertical distribution.‘Single line mode+conventional irrigation amount’(T3) treatment could achieve concentrated application of fertilizer under the premise of ensuring yield,‘width and narrow line mode+conventional irrigation amount’(T4) treatment could save 30% water in the case of reducing yield by 6.58%,both of the two treatments were suitable mode of drip irrigation water deficit.