北疆荒漠不同种源梭梭种子特性与环境因子关系

Relationship Characters of Haloxylon ammodendron Seeds With Environmental Factors From Different Provenances in Northern Xinjiang Deserts

以新疆北疆东部阜康、吉木萨尔和吐鲁番荒漠区梭梭种群的成熟种子为试材,采用野外监测和室内分析相结合的研究方法,对不同种源地梭梭种子的形态、发芽特征进行对比研究,并对这些性状与地理环境因子的相关关系进行了分析。结果表明:不同种源地梭梭种子纵、横径、千粒质量、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数的特征均表现为吐鲁番>吉木萨尔>阜康,吐鲁番梭梭种子较吉木萨尔、阜康种子的纵径分别长0.11 mm和0.19 mm,横径分别宽0.24 mm和0.36 mm,千粒质量分别为0.46 g和0.57 g,其发芽指数和活力指数分别达到了42.78和9.41,较阜康、吉木萨尔梭梭种子分别高出6.17%、3.94%和2.82、1.64,差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)。不同种源地梭梭种子的耐盐特性表现为吐鲁番>吉木萨尔>阜康,不同种源地梭梭种子随着NaCl盐溶液浓度的升高,种子发芽率和发芽势均呈不断下降趋势,0.10 mol·L^-1 NaCl溶液中种子的发芽率和发芽势较高,不同种源梭梭种子的千粒质量与温度呈显著正相关,与纬度和海拔呈显著负相关,果翅长度与纬度和降雨量呈显著正相关,发芽率与经度呈显著正相关。

The mature of H.ammodendron seeds from Fukang,Jimusar and Turpan deserts in Northern Xinjiang were used as experimental materials,contrastive morphological and germination of H.ammodendron seeds from different provenances by the method of field monitoring and laboratory analysis,and the correlation coefficient between seed characteristics and geographical environmental factors were studied.The results showed that the characteristics of longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,1 000-seed weight,fruiting wing length,germination percentage,germination index and vigor index of H.ammodendron seeds from different provenancesas as Turpan>Jimusar>Fukang.The longitudinal diamete of Turpan seeds were 0.11 mm,0.19 mm longer than Jimsar and Fukang seeds,the transverse diamete of Turpan seeds were 0.24 mm,0.36 mm longer than Jimsar and Fukang seeds,and the 1 000-seed weight of Turpan seeds were 0.46 g and 0.57 g heavier than them,respectively.The germination index and vigor index were 42.78 and 9.41,and which were 6.17%,3.94% and 2.82,1.64 higher than them,significantly(P<0.05).The salt tolerance of H.ammodendron seeds from different provenances as Turpan>Jimusar>Fukang.The seed germination percentage and germination potential decreased with the increasing of salt concentrations.The seed germination percentage and germination potential were higher than others under the concentration of 0.10 mol·L^-1 NaCl.There was significant positive correlation between the 1 000-seed weight and temperature,which had significant negative correlation to latitude and altitude.There was significant positive correlation between fruiting wing length and latitude and precipitatio.The significant positive correlation was found between the germination percentage and longitude in different provenances.