2017年浙江省湖州市妊娠期妇女碘营养状况调查分析

Investigation on iodine nutrition status of pregnant women in Huzhou City,Zhejiang Province in 2017

目的了解湖州市妊娠期妇女碘营养状况,为及时采取针对性的防治措施提供依据。方法2017年,在湖州市以吴兴区、南浔区、德清县、长兴县、安吉县5个区(县)为监测点,每个监测点按东、西、南、北、中划分5个片区,每个片区抽取1个乡镇(街道),采集居民饮用水水样,检测水碘含量;每个乡镇(街道)抽取21名妊娠期妇女(早、中、晚孕期各7名),采集家中食用盐盐样和尿样检测盐碘和尿碘含量。结果共采集湖州市居民饮用水水样332份,水碘中位数为2.2μg/L,属于缺碘地区;不同地区间水碘中位数比较差异有统计学意义(H=161.0,P<0.05)。检测妊娠期妇女家中食用盐盐样525份,盐碘中位数为23.4 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为97.1%(510/525),合格碘盐食用率为93.0%(488/525),不同地区间盐碘水平比较差异有统计学意义(H=67.7,P<0.05)。共检测妊娠期妇女尿样525份,尿碘中位数为123.1μg/L,处于碘缺乏水平;从地区分布来看,以德清县尿碘中位数最高,为154.0μg/L,处于碘适宜水平;其他地区依次为吴兴区、南浔区、安吉县、长兴县,均处于碘缺乏水平;不同地区间妊娠期妇女尿碘中位数比较差异有统计学意义(H=14.1,P<0.05)。从孕期分布来看,以孕中期妇女尿碘中位数最高,为172.8μg/L;不同孕期间比较,差异有统计学意义(H=7.5,P<0.05)。结论湖州市属于环境碘缺乏地区,妊娠期妇女碘营养状况除德清县外均处于碘缺乏水平,需加强妊娠期妇女尿碘水平监测和健康教育,改善碘营养状况。

Objective To understand the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women in Huzhou City,and to provide a basis for timely targeted prevention and control of the iodine deficiency disorders.Methods In 2017,five districts(counties)in Wuxing,Nanxun,Deqing,Changxing,and Anji were used as monitoring sites in Huzhou City,and each monitoring site was divided into five areas according to the east,west,south,north,and middle locations.One township(street)in each location was sampled to collect drinking water samples from residents,and the water iodine content was tested;21 pregnant women(7 each in the early,middle,and late pregnancy periods)were sampled in each township(street),and edible salt samples were collected at home for testing salt iodine and urine samples were collected for testing urinary iodine content.Results A total of 332 drinking water samples were collected from Huzhou residents,water iodine median was 2.2μg/L,which belonged to iodine-deficient regions;and there was statistically significant difference in the water iodine median between different regions(H=161.0,P<0.05).And 525 edible salt samples were detected from pregnant women,the salt iodine median was 23.4 mg/kg,the salt iodine coverage was 97.1%(510/525),and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 93.0%(488/525).There was a statistically significant difference in salt iodine levels between different regions(H=67.7,P<0.05).Meanwhile,the urinary iodine median of 525 urine samples of pregnant women was 123.1μg/L,which was at the level of iodine deficiency.From the regional distribution,the urinary iodine median in Deqing County was 154.0μg/L,which was the highest and at an iodine appropriate level;the other regions were Wuxing District,Nanxun District,Anji County,and Changxing County in order,all of them were at the iodine deficiency level;the urinary iodine median of pregnant women between different regions was statistically significantly different(H=14.1,P<0.05).From the pregnancy periods'distribution,the urinary iodine median in middle pregnancy period was the highest at 172.8μg/L;there was statistically significant difference between different pregnancy periods(H=7.5,P<0.05).Conclusions The Huzhou City belongs to the environmental iodine deficiency area.Except for Deqing County,the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women in other districts(counties)is at an iodine deficiency level.Urinary iodine level monitoring and health education of pregnant women should be strengthened to improve iodine nutrition status.