全球非常规油气勘探开发进展及资源潜力

GLOBAL PROGRESS IN EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVETIONAL HYDROCARBONS AND ASSESSMENT OF RESOURCES POTENTIAL

非常规油气的勘探开发进展及资源潜力决定了未来能源市场的格局。当今既有巨大的发展机遇,又面临多重挑战。页岩油气评价日趋成熟,煤层气受需求和技术双重驱动发展较快,致密油气的增量贡献日益突出。近年来北美洲非常规油气以页岩气和致密油气为主,勘探开发风生水起;亚太地区的中国页岩气、澳大利亚煤层气如火如荼,可为成功典范;欧洲非常规油气也开始了破冰之旅,但环境与社会影响会很大程度地制约页岩油气的开发;其他地区如南美洲的巴西和阿根廷也是热点纷呈。虽然在世界范围内开采技术已经逐渐优化并投入实践,但是不同国家的技术水平和地质状况具有巨大差别,特别是在经济评价、生态环境评价、社会影响评价以及规范作业方面仍然问题重重,急需引起各国的重视。开发引起的大气污染、水资源紧缺和污染、废水处理与利用、可能的地面沉降、环境生态破坏、当地社区社会影响等一系列问题,都是目前应高度重视的问题。

Unconventional hydrocarbons occupy an enormous proportion in the world energy budget nowadays. Both the progress in exploration and development of them as well as resources assessment results are the major factors to determine the future pattern of the world energy market. Although there are problems and difficulties, opportunities always coexist together with challenges. So far, the evaluation method of shale oil and gas has become matured, while the development of coalbed methane is rapidly driven by both demand and technology. The contribution of tight oil and gas reservoirs is increasingly prominent. For the timebeing, unconventional hydrocarbons in North America is dominated by shale gas and tight reservoirs, and the exploration and development of them are growing rapidly. In the Asia-Pacific region, shale gas projects in China and coalbed methane projects in Australia are developed in full swing and can be considered successful examples. The Europe has also started its ice-breaking travel, eventhough the European environmental and social impacts will greatly restrict local development of shale oil and gas in Europe. Meanwhile, other regions and countries such as Brazil and Argentina in South America are also having hot spots. Although the technology in exploration and development has been gradually optimized and put into practice worldwide, technological levels and geological conditions still vary considerabley in different countries. In particular, many problems such as economic evaluation, ecological environment evaluation, social impact evaluation and standardized operations, urgently need more concerns from various countries all over the world. Among issues that should be paid attention to presently are atmospheric pollution, water scarcity and pollution, wastewater treatment and utilization, possible land subsidence, environmental ecology, and social impacts of local communities.