都市体验的嬗变与中国都市诗的近代转型

The Evolution of Urban Experience and the Modern Transformation of Chinese Urban Poetry

中国都市诗发展至近代,不仅在题材内容上变得复杂多样、新旧交织,且在时间分布上也前后交错、时断时续。1840年鸦片战争以来,都市诗伴随着社会的转型而转型,1920年郭沫若创作的《笔立山头展望》,堪称这一转型完成的标志。以都市诗的城市体验为观察视角,可将近代都市的演进分为由浅入深的四种情形:其一为因古代城市经验的延续而产生的传承性体验;其二为遭遇现代都市新异经验而形成的应激性体验;其三为旅外文人对西方都市的拓展性体验;其四为观察并探究都市工业文明特质的反思性体验。通过细致梳理考察晚清至"五四"之都市诗的发展轨迹和历史逻辑,可以深入理解并把握都市诗新旧转型的内在机理。

With the development of Chinese urban poetry to modern times,it has become not only complicated and diverse in subject matter and content,but also staggered in time distribution. Since the Opium War in 1840,urban poetry has been transformed with the transformation of society. In1920,Guo Moruo’s The Prospect of Pen Standing on the Mountain Top can be regarded as the symbol of the completion of this transformation. This kind of poetry can be divided: first,heritage experience resulting from the continuation of ancient urban experience;second,the stress experience formed by the new experience of modern cities;third,the outspread experience of western cities by scholars outside China;fourth,the reflective experience of observing and exploring the characteristics of urban industrial civilization. Through a careful study of the development and historical logic of urban poetry,we can understand and grasp the internal mechanism of the transformation of urban poetry from the old to the new.