不同氨化秸秆还田量对盐碱地土壤水盐因子及玉米生长发育的影响

The Effect of Different Amount of Ammoniated Straw Mulching on Soil Water and Salt Factors and Growth and Development of Maize in Saline-alkali Land

为了探明不同的氨化秸秆还田量对中度盐碱地土壤水盐、玉米生长发育及产量的影响,于2018年在山西省小店区进行了田间试验,设计了4种不同氨化秸秆还田量(1.2、0.9、0.6、0.3 kg/m^2),并以无秸秆还田为对照组(CK),在玉米生长发育期内对土壤含盐量、土壤含水率、玉米生长发育性状指标及产量进行了测定。结果表明:土壤盐分表聚作用强烈呈现“厂”字形,不同处理盐分淋洗效果不同且与CK差异显著(P<0.05),可为农作生长创造少盐的环境;保水效果随着农作物的生长越来越明显,不同处理与CK之间的差异显著(P<0.05);各生长指标都呈现出生育前期快速增长,到后期逐渐放缓直至稳定,其中叶面积指数到后期有下降的发展趋势,处理F1.2与F0.9对各个指标的影响差异较小。综合考虑节水保水效益与产量,中度盐碱地建议氨化秸秆还田量0.9 kg/m^2为宜。

Ammoniation straw returned to find out the different amount of Shanxi medium saline-alkali soil water and salt factor,the influence of the growth characters and yield of corn,knick-knacks in 2018 in Shanxi Province has carried on the field experiment,the design of the four different ammoniated straw counters-field amount(1.2,0.9,0.6,0.3 kg/m^2),and there is no straw for field as the control group(CK),in the maize growth period on soil salinity,soil moisture content,maize growth properties index and yield are determined.The results show that the accumulation of soil salinity surface strongly presents the“plant”type,and the leaching effect of salinity in different treatment groups is significantly different from that of CK(P<0.05),which can create an environment with less salt for agricultural growth.Water retention effect becomes more and more obvious with the growth of crops,and the difference between treatment group and CK is significant(P<0.05).All the growth indicators show rapid growth in the early growth stage,gradually slow down and stabilized in the later growth stage,and the area index in the middle period show a trend of decline in the later growth stage.F1.2 and F0.9 in the treatment group has little difference in the impact on each index.Considering the benefits of water-saving and water conservation and yield,it is advisable to return 0.9 kg/m^2 of ammoniated straw to fields in moderately saline and alkaline lands.