19世纪以前欧洲的理发师外科医生

Barber-surgeons in Europe Before the 19th Century

19世纪以前,欧洲各国的医疗群体中都有理发师外科医生。他们出身低微,手术存在不规范的操作,因此受到时人和后世学者指责。他们是欧洲中世纪早期宗教和医疗环境的产物,在服务民众的同时,不断发展壮大,在树立外科标准、规范医疗市场、实践医疗济贫和提供战场救治等方面均作出了贡献。随着科学医学时代的来临,理发师外科医生逐渐被淘汰,但其历史贡献值得充分肯定。

The barber-surgeon was a significant medical group that existed in European countries before the 19th century.Because of their humble background and non-standard operations,they were criticized by the contemporaries and modern scholars.They were the product of the early medieval European religious and medical environment.At the same time of serving the people,it kept growing.It had made contributions in setting up surgical standards,standardizing the medical market,practicing medical treatment and providing battlefield treatment.With the advent of the era of scientific medicine,barbersurgeons have gradually been replaced by modern doctors,but their historical contributions deserve full affirmation.