多诺拉烟雾事件与美国现代环境政治初兴

The 1948 Donora Smog and the Beginnings of the Modern Politics of the Environment in the United States

1948年多诺拉烟雾事件是美国首例导致民众死亡的急性空气污染事件。多诺拉是美国宾夕法尼亚州的工业小镇,1948年10月该镇爆发了严重的烟雾灾害。小镇1.4万居民近半数患病,数十人死亡,造成恶劣影响。事后,社会各阶层探寻多诺拉烟雾产生的原因,美国公共卫生署也介入灾难认定调查,这些举措不仅引发了公众关于工业污染对健康和环境影响的争论,而且促使联邦政府制定一系列环境政策和民众进行声势浩大的环保运动。

The 1948 Donora smog was the first acute fatal air pollution event in the United States.Donora is an industrial town in Pennsylvania.In October 1948,the town had a severe smog disaster that sickened nearly half of its 14,000 residents and killed dozens,which caused unfavorable influence.After the event,all levels of society searched for the causes of Donora smoke.The United States Public Health Service is also involved in the disaster investigation into the smog incident.These initiatives have not only sparked heated public debate about the health and environmental impacts of industrial pollution,but also promoted the development of a series of environmental policies by the federal government and great environmental movement by the people.