高强β钛合金的研究现状与发展趋势

Research status and development trend of high-strengthβtitanium alloys

钛合金具有高比强度、良好的成形性与耐腐蚀性、较宽的性能调节范围等优点,自20世纪50年代以来在多种军用/民用飞机的特定结构上取得了理想的应用效果。随着研究的不断深入,β钛合金成分-工艺-组织的关系更加清晰,性能数据库也不断完善,然而其应用领域在最近20年未获得进一步拓展。本文回顾β钛合金的发展历程及其应用,总结β钛合金的显微组织调控方法、重要工艺参数及其影响,并以目前用量最大的5种高强β钛合金(Ti-10-2-3、Ti-5553、β-21S、β-C、Ti-15-3)为例讨论工艺-组织-性能的关系。最后,从成本与性能两个方面分析β钛合金面临的挑战与机遇。具有更强工艺适应性以及更优力学性能匹配的新合金是未来成分设计的方向,材料集成计算技术将是新型高强β钛合金成分-工艺-组织-性能全流程开发的加速器。

β-Ti alloys have been used in many military/commercial aircraft since 1950s.Their high specific strength,good corrosion resistance,and high formability meet the special requirement of certain structures.Despite a further understanding of the relationship among chemistry,processing,and microstructure,as well as the expanding of performance data base,there is some stagnation in commercialization of new alloys over the past 20 years.This paper reviews the development and applications ofβ-Ti alloys,and summarizes the important processing parameters for microstructure control.The widely used 5 kinds of high-strengthβ-Ti alloys are discussed based on their processing-microstructure-property relationship.From the cost and performance perspectives,the challenges and opportunities ofβ-Ti alloys are identified.Future research will be focused on alloy compositions with more robust processing widows and better performance matching.The integrated computational materials design technology will be a prospect to accelerate the workflow development of chemistry-processing-microstructure-performance for high strengthβ-Ti alloys.