美国学分反向转移对我国高校教育管理的启示

The Enlightenment of the Reverse Transfer in America to the Higher Education Management in China

在美国的高等教育体系中,社区学院和四年制大学间的转学通道一直存在,但由于课程衔接不当、学分互认不畅、经济保障不足等原因,高校间学分转移困难,大大降低了学生的学位完成率。为此,立法者重引《反向转移效率法案》,旨在推动学分反向转移的发展,以提高学生学位完成率,满足多样的教育需求,减少高等教育的浪费,改善高等教育质量。借鉴美国的学分反向转移制度,有利于发挥我国职教高校特色,健全退(转)学管理制度,构建学分互认机制,推进"本转专"的完善与发展。

In the American higher education system,there are transfer channels between community colleges and four-year universities all the time.However,due to improper course connection,poor mutual recognition of credits and insufficient economic security,it is difficult to transfer university credits,which greatly reduces the degree completion rate of students.Therefore,legislators recited the Reverse Transfer Efficiency Act,aiming to promote the development of reverse transfer,to improve the degree completion rate of students,to meet the diverse educational needs,to reduce the waste of higher education,and to improve the quality of higher education.Learning from the credit reverse transfer system of the United States is conducive to improving the structure of higher education in China,giving full play to the characteristics of vocational colleges and universities,improving the management system of dropping out(transferring)school,constructing the credit mutual recognition mechanism,and promoting the improvement and development of transferring from undergraduate to specialized education.