污染环境罪罪过形式的确定

The Determination of Crime Forms of Environmental Pollution

污染环境罪有其特殊性,行为人受经济利益的内心驱动,其行为往往表现出明显的负外部性特征。行为人对这种伴随性的污染环境的危害后果究竟是故意抑或过失心态,实践中做出区分的难度很大。基于现行法律规定的框架,确定过错推定责任原则下的混合过错构成要件模式,在行为人不能证明自己无过错,检察机关也不能证明行为人主观方面为故意的情形下,按照存疑有利于被告人原则,可推定行为人的主观罪过形式为过失。这样既能坚持刑事责任的主客观相一致原则,又能防止行为人以其无罪过为由逃避刑罚的制裁,更加有利于做到不枉不纵,准确打击污染环境犯罪。

The crime of environmental pollution has its particularity. Driven by economic interests, the feason’s behavior often shows the obvious negative externality. In practice, it is very difficult to make a distinction between intentional and negligent attitude of the perpetrator to the harmful consequences accompanying environmental pollution. Based on the framework of the current law, with the mode of mixed fault elements determined under the principle of presumption of fault, in the case that the feason cannot prove himself faultless and the procuratorial organ cannot prove him to be intentional, the subjective fault form of the feason can be presumed to be unpremeditated, according to the principle that doubt is in favor of the defendant. This not only adheres to the consistency principle of subjectivity and objectivity of criminal responsibility, but also prevents the perpetrator from evading the punishment with the justification of innocence, which is more conducive to fighting precisely against the crime of environmental pollution.