论民法总则法源条款的得失与补充

Comment on the Gains and Losses of the Source Clause of the General Principles of Civil Law

《民法总则》第十条本质上为找法规范,其对法源的明文规定是民法对宪法功能的最有力补充;其将国家政策从法源体系中予以删除是我国民事立法进程中的重大进步;其将习惯作为法源彰显了民法典的张力。该法条之不足主要是:习惯的内涵模糊、法律与习惯的适用孰更优先存在争议、法理的法源缺位。因此民法法源制度的补充与完善,重在准确界定习惯的内涵、适用习惯应遵从审慎原则、发挥法理的法源性功能。

Article 10 of the general provisions of the civil law is essentially a legal norm. Its explicit stipulations to legal source is the most powerful supplement of the civil law to the function of constitution. It is a great progress in the process of civil legislation to delete national policies from the legal source system and to make custom a source of law highlights the tension of the civil code. The main shortcomings of the law are: the vagueness of the connotation of custom, the dispute over the priority of law and custom, and the absence of legal source in jurisprudence. Therefore, the supplement and improvement of the source system of civil law should focus on the accurate definition of the connotation of custom, the application of custom on the principle of prudence and the role ofthe legal source function of jurisprudence.