自适应伪装材料与技术研究进展

Research Progress of Adaptive Camouflage Materials and Technology

随着现代侦察和制导技术的不断发展,武器装备在战场上面临着严重的被探测和攻击的威胁。并且在作战过程中,地形、季节、天气和时间等变化易引起战场环境复杂多变,进一步加剧了武器装备被探测的可能。传统的伪装技术虽然适用于特定类型的背景环境,在一定程度上解决了目标的伪装问题,但难以满足武器装备在跨区域、多季节和全时段的伪装需求。自适应伪装技术是一种能根据背景情况变化,主动改变自身可探测特征以保持良好伪装效果的新型伪装技术,该技术可有效提升目标在战场上的生存能力。介绍了自适应伪装系统组成,梳理了可见光、红外和雷达波段自适应伪装技术的实现途径以及最新发展现状,指出了开展自适应波段、实现方式、系统组成及功能等之间的集成衔接和新材料的研制是自适应伪装材料与技术的未来发展方向。

With the development of modern investigation and guidance technology,weapon equipments are facing serious threats of being detected and attacked on the battlefield.Moreover,during the combat process,changes in terrain,seasons,weather and time may cause the battlefield environment to be complex and variable,which further lead to the possibility of weapons and equipments being detected.Although the traditional camouflage technology is suitable for a specific type of background environment and solves the camouflage problem of the target to a certain extent,it is difficult to meet the camouflage requirements in the cross-region,all seasons and multiple periods.Adaptive camouflage technology is a new camouflage technology,which can actively change its detectable features to maintain good camouflage effects according to the changes in background conditions.It can effectively improve the survivability of the target on the battlefield.In this paper,the system compositions of adaptive camouflage are introduced,the traditional implementation approaches and latest development status of adaptive camouflage technology in visible,infrared and radar bands are reviewed.It is proposed that the integration of adaptive bands,implementation methods,system components and functions,and the development of new materials are the future development directions of adaptive camouflage materials and technology.