提升幼儿执行功能的小蹦床运动课程研究

A research on the exercise courses of mini-trampoline to improve preschooler′s executive function

为促进幼儿执行功能的发展,设计与开发小蹦床的相关运动课程,在浙江省杭州市C园随机选取2个中班幼儿(4~5岁,n=44),其中实验班(n=22)进行了为期12周(每周3次,每次30 min)的"体育游戏+小蹦床"组合练习的运动干预实验,使用执行功能任务组软件测查干预前后幼儿执行功能(抑制控制、工作记忆、认知灵活性)的发展情况.结果表明:实验班和对照班幼儿执行功能前测具有同质性;干预后,实验班幼儿执行功能发展情况显著优于对照班,实验班和对照班在抑制控制(SSS反应时、SCA反应时及正确率),工作记忆(VWM正确率)上具有显著性差异.结论:"体育游戏+小蹦床"组合练习的运动课程对改善4~5岁幼儿执行功能具有积极效益,尤其是对抑制控制和工作记忆的提升显著.

It was aimed to develop exercise courses related to the mini-trampoline for promoting preschooler′s executive functions.Two classes of preschoolers(4~5-years-old,n=44)were randomly selected in C kindergarten of Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province.The experimental class(n=22)was given intervention of"exercise play and mini-trampoline"for 12 weeks(three times a week,30 minutes each time).Preschooler′s executive functions(inhibition control,working memory,cognitive flexibility)before and after the intervention were tested by Executive Function Task Battery.The results showed that:there were homogeneity in the pre-test between the experimental class and the control class.Preschooler′s executive functions in the experimental class were significantly better than that in the control class,there were significant differences in inhibition control(SSS response,SCA response,accuracy rate)and working memory(VWM accuracy rate)between two classes post-intervention.It was concluded that the courses of"exercise play and mini-trampoline"had positive effects on improving the executive functions of 4~5-years-old preschoolers,especially on inhibition control and working memory.