“发愤以抒情”视域下对士人处境的思考

Discussion on Scholar’s Dilemma in Expressing Emotions in the Song Dynasty

"发愤以抒情"是屈原骚赋的基调,它是个人忧愤和忠君爱国的情感交织,是个体与国家政治相冲突的真切表现。士人阶层作为我国古代社会的特殊群体,在西汉时期处于从属地位,其文化属性大于政治属性,到东汉其重视度提升,对士人的品行也有了新的关注,而魏晋士人有着高度的自我觉醒意识,宋代士人则呈现出士人面对双重角色的自我矛盾。士人阶层在漫长的社会发展中发挥着特殊的作用,其自身双重身份的属性也越发明显。士人阶层自我身上呈现出的政治角色和文化角色的这种张力,是士人在入仕时不可避免的尴尬,也是文学和政治之间的固有冲突。

“Expressing emotions with indignation”is the keynote of Qu Yuan’s Sao Fu.It is the emotional interweaving of personal anxiety and patriotic loyalty.It is a true expression of the conflict between the individual and the national politics.As a special group of ancient society in China,the scholar class was in a subordinate position during the Western Han Dynasty,with its cultural attributes greater than its political attributes.But they got more attention in the Eastern Han Dynasty and their moral characters was on a new.The Wei and Jin scholars had a high degree of self-awareness while the scholars in the Song Dynasty presented self-contradictions of dual roles.The scholar class plays a special role in the long-term social development,and its own dual identity is becoming more and more obvious.This tension between the political and cultural roles of the scholars themselves is an inevitable embarrassment when the scholars enter the profession,and is also an inherent conflict between literature and politics.