基于GIS的哈尔滨市交通噪声评估

Traffic Noise Assessment of Harbin Based on GIS

随着社会的发展,人们对环境质量的要求越来越高,交通噪声越来越受到重视。近年来,由于城市居民汽车拥有量逐年增多,导致交通噪声危害越来越大,已经影响到了城市环境质量。本研究是利用哈尔滨市道路数据与噪声点源数据,在GIS软件的支持下,通过建立道路以及点源噪声缓冲区,分别计算噪声场,再将噪声场进行叠加,用以确定交通噪声的情况以及变化从而进行评估,进而提出控制建议。结果表明,哈尔滨市的大部分路段噪声影响范围适中,其中机场和火车站噪声相对影响最大,高速公路所通过车辆主要以大中型车辆为主,市中心道路多以小型车辆和公交车客车为主,且以上两种道路分布较密集,产生噪声影响最广,对城市环境危害最大,铁路和村镇道路影响次之。

With the development of society,people have higher and higher requirements on environmental quality,and traffic noise has been paid more and more attention.In recent years,due to the increase of urban residents'car ownership year by year,traffic noise becomes more and more harmful,which has affected the urban environmental quality.This study is to use the Harbin city road data with noise point source data with the support of GIS software,through the establishment of road and point source noise buffer,noise field are calculated respectively,then the noise field in overlay,for determining the situation and change of traffic noise to assess,then put forward control suggestions.Results show that most of Harbin city road noise influence scope is moderate,the relative noises of the airport and railway station is the largest,the highway by vehicles,mainly large and medium-sized vehicles by downtown road is given priority to with small vehicle and bus passenger cars,more and more than two kinds of road distribution is dense,noise influence most widely,the most damage to the urban environment,railway and rural roads.