原油电脱盐稀释水掺混用油水混合技术研究进展

State-of-the-art of oil-water mixing technology on dilution-water addition into crude oil for electric desalting system

脱盐是油田或炼油厂满足预定原油质量控制指标的关键处理环节,稀释水掺混属于原油电脱盐系统的关键步骤,直接影响系统脱盐效率和运行能耗。鉴于原油电脱盐稀释水掺混问题的本质可以归结为特定连续流状态下的油水混合,本文从评价方法、混合机理、掺混设备三个方面系统阐述了原油电脱盐稀释水掺混技术的研究进展。在简要介绍工程实际中原油电脱盐稀释水掺混所用多尺度油水混合评价方法的基础上,归纳总结了机械搅拌、管道节流、管内固定内构件切割、射流撞击、电分散五种代表性的油水混合机理,进而相应介绍了管道多级机械搅拌掺混、混合阀类掺混、基于管式静态混合器掺混、稀释水射流掺混、稀释水静电掺混五类设备的结构、工作原理及其各自性能优缺点。总体而言,迄今油水混合机理研究未能与原油电脱盐工艺稀释水掺混设备研发同步协调发展,应该秉持交叉复合的思想,尽快加强射流撞击类油水混合机理研究以及相应技术与设备的开发,同时进一步拓展高效混合单元过程的应用范围。

Desalting is a key processing step for oilfields or refineries to meet the desired crude oil quality requirement.Dilution-water addition and mixing play an important role in crude oil electric desalting system which directly affects desalting efficiency and operation energy consumption.Given the fact that the essence of dilution-water addition and mixing can be formulated as an oil-water mixing problem under the condition of specific continuous flow,state-of-the-art of dilution-water addition and mixing technology was illustrated systematically from the aspects of evaluation method,mixing mechanism,dilution-water addition and mixing equipment.Based on brief introduction of multiple-scale oil-water mixing concept on dilution-water addition and mixing in engineering practice,classification and summary about five representative categories of oil-mixing mechanisms were completed,including mechanical agitation,pipeline throttling,inline fixed internals cutting,jet impingement and electrodispersion.Furthermore,structures and working principles of five corresponding categories of dilution-water addition and mixing equipment including pipeline multi-stage mechanical agitator,mixing valve,inline static mixer,jet impingement mixer and electro-dynamic mixer were introduced,as well as their own performances were analyzed.Generally speaking,the research of oil-water mixing mechanism had not been developed along with dilution-water addition and mixing equipment as yet,thus it was advised,based on intersecting and complex concept,to strengthen the research of jet impingement oil-water mixing mechanism and the development of corresponding technology and equipment as soon as possible,and in the meanwhile to expand the application range of efficient mixing unit process furthermore.