敦煌祭亡文文本结构研究

Structure of Dunhuang Memorial Texts

敦煌所存的祭亡文为民间使用的表达祭者对亡人追思的祭文文抄。通过整理保存完整的祭亡文,发现其行文格式规范,文本结构是“三层式”,可分为小序、正文、收尾三部分。观察其写卷原貌,敦煌祭亡文在小序后用空格以示对亡者的尊敬,在正文结束后用顶格提行撰写收尾。小序包含信息繁多,多用于点明祭者的祭祀时间、地点、祭物等。敦煌祭亡文正文则骈散结合,融入儒佛典故。其收尾用以表达祭者的思念及希冀。敦煌祭亡文“三层式”的行文结构,直观展现了当时普通民众的文化水平与祭祀仪式,体现了唐代敦煌的文化风貌。

The sacrificial texts in Dunhuang are copies of the sacrificial texts used by the people to memorize the dead.Through sorting out and preserving the whole sacrificial prose,we find that its writing format is standard,and its text structure is“three-tiered”,which can be divided into three parts:preface,text and conclusion observing the original appearance of the volume.After the preface,the space is used to show respect for the dead.At the end of the text there is the ending with the top grid line.Small preface contains a lot of information,which is mostly used to point out the time,place and sacrifice of the sacrificial people.The text of Dunhuang sacrifice to the dead is a combination of parallel prose and prose,which is integrated with Confucian and Buddhist allusions.The ending is used to express the mourner’s yearning and hope.The“three-tier”structure of the Dunhuang sacrificial texts directly shows the cultural level and sacrificial ceremony of the common people at that time,and reflects the cultural features of Dunhuang in the Tang Dynasty.