教育均衡化视角下乡村小学研学旅行活动课程开发——基于北京市房山区34所乡村小学的调研

The Development of Study Tour Activity Curriculum in Rural Primary Schools from the Perspective of Education Equalization:A Survey of 34 Rural Primary Schools in Fangshan District,Beijing

教育均衡化及乡村振兴战略呼唤研学旅行活动课程在乡村小学的普及和提升。调研发现北京市房山区乡村小学在研学旅行活动课程的开发中存在教育目标定位有偏差、对周边资源的教育价值把握不到位、课程开发与校本文化脱节、没有将研学旅行活动课程纳入学校课程体系等问题。究其原因在于学校缺乏对研学旅行活动课程开发的顶层设计和保障机制;教师课程意识和开发能力有所欠缺;远郊区缺乏比较成熟的研学旅行基地;学校与第三方机构间协作进行课程开发的模式尚不成熟。建议学校要作好顶层设计,建立健全研学旅行活动的保障机制;教师要以学科实践活动为切入点,以综合实践活动为生长点,提升研学旅行活动课程的设计能力;加强多方合作打造研学旅行基地,引入高端智库开发基地课程;通过学校主导、第三方机构协同的方式,形成校内外合作的课程开发模式,促成课程开发落地。

The strategy of educational equalization and rural revitalization calls for the popularization and promotion of the study tour activity curriculum in rural primary schools.The survey finds that there are some problems in the development of the study tour activity curriculum in rural primary schools in Fangshan District,Beijing,such as the deviation from the educational target positioning,the inaccurate grasp of the educational value of the surrounding resources,the disconnection between curriculum development and school-based culture,and the failure to incorporate the study tour activity curriculum into the school curriculum system.The main reasons for these problems are summarized as follows:the schools lack the top-level design and guarantee mechanism for the development of the study tour activity curriculum;the teachers’curriculum awareness and development ability need to be improved;the mature study tour bases in outer suburbs are not sufficient;the mode of cooperation between the schools and the third-party institutions in curriculum development remains to be explored.To solve the problems,schools should do a good job in top-level design,establish and improve the guarantee mechanism for the study tour activities;teachers should take the subject practice activity as the cut-in point and the comprehensive practice activity as the growing point to enhance the ability to design the study tour activity curriculum;the multi-party cooperation should be strengthened to build the study tour bases,and the high-end think tank should be introduced to develop base curriculum;the curriculum development mode of the cooperation inside and outside the school should be formed by the way of the school leading and the third-party cooperating to promote the implementation of curriculum development.