蔡元培对北京大学的师资改造

Cai Yuanpei’s Reform of Peking University Faculty

蔡元培在北京大学校长任上,以师资为核心要素对学校进行系统的改革。一是破除自科举时代形成的以官阶大小为喜好的“拜座师”之风,鼓励学生们一心向学,改造了他们的求师之道。二是选择足以为人师表的新旧人物来做学生的模范,解聘不称职的教师,即便是对外国学者亦无所畏惧。三是重塑学生的尊师之道,告诫新旧交替之际,人才难得,不要求全责备。四是规定专任教师与兼任教师有别,在教师中间组织“进德会”,注重个人修养,同时赋予权力,参与校务,构建了顺应时代的新的为师之道。由此,北京大学的面貌焕然一新,成为当时的典范。蔡元培对北京大学师资的改革已成为一份教育遗产,至今仍有参考的价值。

As the president of Peking University,Cai Yuanpei carried out the systematic reforms of the university with teachers as the core element.The first is to break the rule of the student’s apprenticing himself to a master according to his official rank formed in the age of the imperial examination,encourage students to devote themselves to learning,and transform their way to select teachers.The second is to choose the old and new figures as teachers who are good enough to be role models for students,and dismiss the incompetent teachers,even if he/she is a foreign scholar.The third is to reshape the way for students to respect teachers,warning students not to demand perfection of teachers because talents are rare to find in the transitional time from the old to the new.The fourth is to make a regulation to treat the full-time teachers and part-time teachers in different ways,and organize the“Moral Association”among teachers,which focuses on personal cultivation and empowers teachers to participate in university affairs,thus constructing the principles of being a teacher in line with the times.As a result,Peking University took on a new look and became a model at that time.Cai Yuanpei’s reform of Peking University faculty has become an educational legacy that is still of reference value today.