贫困地区的农户农业女性化——基于甘肃省14个贫困村调查数据的研究

Feminization of Farmers’Agriculture in the Poverty-stricken Areas:A Study on the Survey Data of 14 Poor Villages in Gansu Province

针对当前农村贫困地区普遍存在的农业女性化现象,通过构建农户劳动力配置理论模型,从农户视角阐释了这一现象所蕴含的“理性”含义,并利用甘肃14个贫困村的农户调查资料,运用WLS方法进行了实证检验。基本结论是:农户农业女性化是基于其家庭规模较大、负担较重、劳均耕地较少禀赋条件下的理性选择,农业女性化家庭相较于男性主导农业家庭和男女共同主导农业家庭,获得了最高的非农劳动生产率、中间水平的农业劳动生产率、最高的综合劳动生产率,以及最低的贫困发生率和较为集中的收入分布,同时又兼顾了照顾家庭,规避了诸多可能的风险。

In view of the prevailing phenomenon of the feminization of agricultural in poverty-stricken rural areas,this paper explains the meaning of“rationality”in this phenomenon from the perspective of farmers through the construction of the model of farmer labor force.Based on our survey of farmers in 14 poor villages in Gansu province,we used the WLS method to carry out empirical tests.The basic conclusion is as follows:The feminization of peasant is a rational choice that is based on the large scale of the family,the heavier burden and the less endowment of the cultivated land.Comparing to the male-dominated agricultural family and the co-dominated peasants,the agricultural feminized families have achieved the highest non-farm labor productivity,the intermediate level of agricultural labor productivity,the highest overall labor productivity,and the lowest incidence of poverty and corresponding concentrated income distribution,as well as taking care of the family with aim to avoid a lot of possible risks.