基于平行语料的日汉口语省略现象对比研究

A contrastive study of ellipsis in oral Japanese and Chinese based on parallel data

省略在日、汉语中都很普遍,又各具特点。以往日汉省略对比研究很少关注口语,也很少采用定量分析方法。本文利用日汉平行语料,对比分析了日汉对译口语文本(日常会话和新闻广播)中省略成分的分布状况发现:1)在日常会话中,日语省略更加灵活,数量明显多于汉语;日语句子成分的省略种类较多,且日汉语呈现不同的省略倾向性层级;2)在新闻广播中,日汉语的省略都很少,且都是主语省略多,日语中偶尔出现に格省略;3)日汉语口语中省略的具体表现不同,但它们都受三条认知规律的制约。

As a prevalent phenomenon in Japanese and Chinese,ellipses have their own characteristics in these two languages.In the contrastive studies of ellipses in Japanese and Chinese,few have analyzed oral data quantitatively.The paper,based on parallel Japanese and Chinese data of dialogues and newscasts,made a contrastive analysis of ellipses in the two languages after respectively coding ellipses in various syntactic positions.Consequently,the following findings were obtained.First,in dialogues,Japanese shows more ellipsis tokens in more contexts than Chinese,yielding two different ellipsis hierarchies.Second,in newscasts,both Japanese and Chinese produce much fewer tokens of ellipsis,sharing the similarity that more subjects are omitted than predicates despite the occasional ellipsis of ni case in Japanese.Third,these differences notwithstanding,the ellipses in these two languages are constrained by three cognitive rules.