现代休闲语境下的亚里士多德闲暇观刍议

Discussion on Aristotelian View of Leisure in the Context of Modern Leisure

关于休闲,最早的理论可追溯至古希腊哲学家亚里士多德,其笔下的“闲暇”与现代休闲概念相比,呈现出三个特征,即“与休息娱乐相区别”“与城邦政治不可分”“与终极幸福相联系”。这种在古希腊时代背景和文化环境下所衍生出的“闲暇”观念带有明显的贵族特性,并只面向城邦男性公民,因此在现代社会具有一定的不适用性。但是,亚里士多德的闲暇观对于人类灵魂和理性的关注,有助于加深现代人对休闲概念的理解,并帮助现代人重新寻求自身的主体性,以此对抗工作世界对人的异化。

The earliest theory of leisure can be traced back to the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle.Compared with the concept of modern leisure,Aristotelian leisure has three characteristics:distinguished from the concept of rest and entertainment,inseparable with the city-state politics,and linked with the ultimate happiness.However,due to the different time and culture background,Aristotelian leisure has obvious aristocratic features,and is only for the male citizens of the city-state.Therefore,it cannot be completely used for the modern leisure theory.Nonetheless,Aristotelian leisure,which concerning the soul and reason of people,helps deepen the connotation of the modern concept of leisure,and conducive to the subjectivity of the modern people as a way to encounter the alienation of people brought by world of work.