基本公共服务最优供给规模、供给不足及原因分析

Analysis of the Optimal Supply Scale,the Causesof Supply Shortage of Basic Public Services

深入分析基本公共服务的供给具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文基于代表性消费者效用最大化角度,在经济增长框架中分析了基本公共服务的最优规模的影响因素及影响机制,研究发现各类基本公共服务在生产和效用函数中的弹性、经济发展水平、生产率水平、人力资本在生产中的重要性等均会对基本公共服务的最优规模产生正向影响。实证分析表明,以上因素没有对基本公共服务的实际供给产生影响,且政府决策机制没有综合考虑最优规模的影响因素,导致我国基本公共服务供给不足。进一步地,特殊的政府管理体制、基本公共服务不透明、地方财政收入匮乏及缺乏相关研究能力等因素,会导致地方政府没有能力和积极性去提供社会最优规模的基本公共服务。本文最后从提升基本公共服务透明度及提升对最优供给规模的研究能力等方面构建了政策体系,以提高地方政府以最优规模为目标去提供基本公共服务的能力和动力。

Analyzing the scale of basic public service supply has important theoretical and practical significance.This paper builds a theoretical model in the framework of economic growth and analyzes the influencing factors of the optimal supply scale of basic public services,and finds that the elasticity of various basic public services,the level of economic development and other factors will have a monotonic or non-monotonic effect on the optimal supply scale of basic public services.Furthermore,this paper demonstrates the reality of insufficient supply of basic public services in China and explains why local governments do not have the ability and incentive to make optimal supply decisions for basic public services.In the end,this paper proposes policy suggestions on how to improve the incentive of local governments to provide basic public services with the goal of optimal scale,such as improving the transparency of basic public services and enhancing the research capacity on the theory related to optimal scale of public services.