按揭贷款中的刑事风险防范及其化解问题研究

Study on Risk and Preventions of Mortgage Loans and the Resolution of These Problems

按揭贷款制度作为三方共赢的市场融资方式,在商品交易日趋繁荣的今天发挥着重要作用,但其中的风险,在外部监管与内部控制体制不成熟的情况下,也逐一暴露出来。在房产交易领域,我国开发商具备更高的担保参与性,在信息不对称下的基础按揭关系中,刑事犯罪发生的现实可能性更加凸显。就按揭贷款风险的防范与化解而言,需要依靠现行的刑事法律规范与具体的金融手段共同发挥作用,注重系统风险的化解。有必要明确相应刑事犯罪之入罪界限,从银行内部风险审计及责任制度等出发,建立按揭刑事风险防范机制。同时,从责任替代及保险制度等出发,建立按揭刑事风险化解机制。

Mortgage loan system,as a three-party win-win market financing method,plays an important role in the increasingly prosperous commodity trading today,but its risks are exposed one after another in the case of immature external supervision and internal control system. In the field of real estate transaction,Chinese developers have higher guarantee participation. In the basic mortgage relationship under information asymmetry,the realistic possibility of criminal crime is more prominent. In terms of preventing and resolving mortgage loan risks,it is necessary to rely on the existing criminal laws together with regulations and specific financial means to defuse systemic risks. In addition,it is necessary to specify the threshold of criminal offense,establish the mechanism of mortgage criminal risk prevention based on internal risk audit and responsibility system as well as the mechanism of mortgage criminal risk reduction based on liability substitution and insurance system.