山西谷子地方品种农艺性状和品质性状的综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and Quality Traits of Foxtail Millet Landrace in Shanxi

【目的】通过对山西谷子地方品种种质资源农艺性状和品质性状进行综合评价,分析山西谷子种质资源的多样性特点和分布规律,为种质资源的评价和新品种选育提供参考。【方法】利用变异系数、Shannon-Weaver多样性指数对212份山西谷子种质资源的15个性状进行多样性分析和性状差异分析,采用聚类分析、主成分分析、相关性分析以及逐步回归分析对山西谷子种质资源进行综合评价和鉴定指标筛选。【结果】212份山西谷子种质资源多样性指数范围为0.92—2.15,除粒色外,均大于1.00;变异系数范围为3.35%—38.66%,株高、穗长、茎长、茎粗、穗粗、节数、码数、码粒数、单穗重、穗粒重、千粒重、直/支比和粒色变异比较丰富,淀粉和蛋白质变化较小。聚类分析把山西谷子种质资源分为3个类群:第一类群北部品种,来源地包括大同和朔州;第二类群中部品种,来源地包括阳泉、太原、晋中和榆次;第三类群南部品种,来源地包括临汾和运城,与山西地理分布吻合;北部品种中单穗重、穗粒重和千粒重等性状的平均值更高,南部品种中码粒数、单穗重、千粒重、蛋白质、淀粉和直/支比表现出更高的变异性。主成分分析把15个性状归为9个主成分,累计贡献率为89.26%,表明9个主成分包含了谷子表型性状的大部分信息。山西谷子种质资源表型性状的综合得分F值均值为0.521,临汾的黄疙瘩最高(0.709),大同的牛毛黄最低(0.315)。15个性状和综合得分F值的相关性分析表明,10个农艺性状(株高、穗长、茎长、茎粗、穗粗、节数、码数、码粒数、单穗重和穗粒重)与F值呈极显著正相关,直/支比与F值也呈极显著正相关。采用逐步回归分析法筛选出9个性状,分别为株高、穗长、茎长、码数、码粒数、单穗重、蛋白质、直/支比和粒色。【结论】山西谷子地方品种表型多样性丰富,山西谷子资源划分为南部品种、中部品种和北部品种,划分结果与地理来源吻合。直/支比可作为评价指标引入到谷子种质资源的综合评价中。筛选出9个性状可以作为谷子种质资源性状评价指标。山西谷子南部资源多样性更丰富,可作为谷子品质和特色育种的资源库。

【Objective】The comprehensive evaluation of the agronomic traits and quality traits of Shanxi foxtail millet landrace resources were used to analyze the diversity characteristics and distribution laws of Shanxi foxtail millet.The comprehensive analysis of traits of millet germplasm resources provided scientific basis for evaluation and selection of new varieties of foxtail millet resources.【Method】The diversity evaluation of 15 traits in 212 Shanxi foxtail millet germplasm resources were carried out.Variation coefficients,Shannon-Weaver Information index cluster analysis,principal component analysis,correlation and regression analysis were comprehensively used to evaluate the relationship of characteristics and select important characteristics.【Result】The result showed that diversity indexes range of 212 Shanxi foxtail millet germplasm resources was 0.92-2.15,and all of them was greater than 1.00 except of grain color(GC);Variation coefficients ranged from 3.35%-38.66%,large variations were found in the traits of plant height(PH),panicle length(PL),stem length(SL),stem diameter(SD),panicle diameter(PD),stem node number(SNN),spike number(SN),grain number per spike(GNS),single spike weight(SSW),spike grain weight(SGW),thousand-grain weight(TGW),amylase/amylopectin ratio,and GC.The less variation was showed in starch and protein.Shanxi millet landrace were divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis,the first group was northern varieties from Datong and Shuozhou,the second group central varieties from Yangquang,Taiyuan,Jinzhong and Yuci,the third group southern varieties from Linfen and Yuncheng;the clustering was consistent with their geographical distribution.The mean value was higher in the traits of SSW,SGW,and TGW in northern varieties.The varieties were more abundant in the traits of GNS,SSW,TGW,protein,starch,and amylase/amylopectin ratio in the southern varieties.Principal component analysis showed that the variation cumulative contribution rate of the first nine principal components was accounted for 89.26%.The average F value from the comprehensive evaluation of traits of 212 Shanxi foxtail millet germplasm resources was 0.521.Huanggeda is the highest(0.709),and Niumaohuang is the lowest(0.315).The correlating analysis between the 15 traits and F value showed that the phenotypic traits(PH,PL,SL,SD,PD,SNN,SN,GNS,SSW,and SGW)were significantly correlated with the F value.The ratio of amylase/amylopectin was also significantly correlated with the F value.Nine traits,including PH,PL,SL,SN,GNS,SSW,protein,amylase/amylopectin ratio,and GC,were selected out as evaluation indexes by stepwise regression analysis.【Conclusion】Shanxi foxtail millet landrace resources presented large phenotypic diversity.Cluster analysis can divide Shanxi millet germplasm resources into three groups,southern varieties,central varieties,and northern varieties.The results of the division and geographical sources coincide.The amylase/amylopectin ratio can be used as an index for the evaluation of Shanxi foxtail millet germplasm resources.The variation of the southern varieties in Shanxi presented higher level of phenotypic diversity,which can be used as a resource base for the quality and characteristic breeding of the millet.