宽幅播种旱作冬小麦幅间距与基因型对产量和水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Wide-Range Distance and Genotype on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

【目的】明确旱作小麦宽幅条播方式与品种的交互作用,进一步提升产量和水分利用效率。【方法】在黄土高原旱作区,选取2个不同基因型品种,采用5个不同播种幅间距,二因素交互处理,在冬小麦不同生育期测定土壤水分、干物质积累量、透光率和产量,经过连续3年连续数据积累,分析不同幅间距的宽幅播种方式和不同株型品种互作对产量和水分利用的影响。【结果】冬小麦灌浆期品种间旗叶和底部位透光率均差异不显著,长6359秸秆+颖壳干物质运转量、运转率和贡献率均高于高秆品种陇鉴117;播种方式方面,幅间距缩小至18 cm时,旗叶部位透光率和干物质运转均高于普通条播;品种间全生育期耗水量差异不大,缩小幅间距至18 cm的宽幅播种,耗水量降低10.8 mm,水分利用效率提高8.91%;不同基因型冬小麦产量差异不显著,长6359和陇鉴117分别通过扩大库容和提高单位面积穗数达到增产目的,品种和幅间距二因素互作对产量影响差异不显著,宽幅播种调节幅间距均能适应不同基因型冬小麦品种,幅间距缩小至18 cm时产量增加139.2 kg·hm^-2。【结论】旱作冬小麦采用宽幅播种,幅间距为18 cm时,配套不同基因型冬小麦,产量和水分利用效率均可提高,耗水量无显著增加,为区域冬小麦宽幅播种技术配套新品种提供理论依据。

【Objective】This study was carried out to clarify the interaction between wide range strip sowing and wheat cultivar,so as to improve the yield and water use efficiency.【Method】In this study,two different genotypes were selected in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau.Five different sowing spacing and two factor interaction were used to measure the soil moisture,dry matter accumulation,light transmittance and yield of winter wheat.After three consecutive years of data accumulation,the effects of different spacing of wide sowing and different plant type interaction on yield and water use were analyzed.【Result】There was no significant difference in light transmittance at flag leaf position and bottom of canopy between cultivars at filling stage.The transport capacity and contribution rate of straw and glume dry matter were higher in C6359 than that in Longjian 117,which was a tall wheat cultivar.Compared with conventional drilling sowing,the wide range sowing had high light transmittance at flag leaf position and dry matter transport when ranges spacing was 18 cm.There was no difference in water consumption during the whole growth stage between cultivars. When the width spacing was 18 cm, the water consumption decreased by 10.8 mm and wateruse efficiency increased by 8.91% compared with conventional drilling sowing. There was no significantly different in grain yieldbetween wheat cultivars. The grain yield was increased by expanding the sink capacity in C6359 and by increasing the number ofspikes per unit area in Longjian 117, respectively. The interaction of cultivar and width spacing had no significant effect on grainyield. The wide range strip sowing could adapted to different genotypes of winter wheat cultivars by adjust the range spacing. Whenthe range spacing was 18 cm, the yield increases by 139.2 kg·hm^-2 compared with conventional drilling sowing. 【Conclusion】When the width range spacing was 18 cm, the yield and water use efficiency were increased in different genotypes of wheat wintercultivars. However, the water consumption was not significant increase. These results provided a theoretical basis for the winterwheat high-yield cultivation technology with new cultivars in loess dry plateau area.