论马克思恩格斯的传承观

On the Inheritance View of Marx and Engels

马克思恩格斯在毕生的众多文献中,基于社会发展的研究目的,通过对社会交往的考察,阐述了他们的传承观。传承观理解的传播是根植于社会交往之中的,全时性的信息传递和传承。马克思恩格斯发现了传播在时间上的延续性与中断性,他们将这种延续性和中断性置于社会发展变化的历史进程中去考察,揭示了传播的社会性和历史性,这一思想贯穿于其历史唯物主义思想体系之中,成为解释社会发展的重要思想。从这个意义上讲,《德意志意识形态》也可以看作一部传播学著作。马克思恩格斯的传承观主要包含这样几个观点:"传出去"并不能保证传播对象免于历史性的中断。传播不只是同时期的记录,还有跨代的传承。传播是交往的内在的组成部分,随着交往的变化而变化,交往随着生产的变化而变化。传承不是通过孤立的传播手段实现的,而是通过"共同劳动"实现的。传承的实现,不仅依靠传播范围的广泛,更要依赖交往性质的改变。机器媒介不是人的延长,而是人的替代。对马克思恩格斯传承观的考察,给我们提供了一个观察传播学研究的新视角。

Marx and Engels,based on the purpose of studying social development and through the investigation of social interaction,elaborated their views on inheritance in their lifetime literature.The transmission of the concept of inheritance is rooted in the social communication,the transmission and inheritance of information.Marx and Engels found the continuity and interrupt of the spread in time,they study the continuity and interruption in the historical process of social development and changes,which reveals the social and historic of communication.This thought throughout his historical materialism thought system,which explains the important ideas of social development.In this sense,the German ideology can also be regarded as a communication work.Marne’s idea of inheritance mainly includes the following points:"spreading out"does not guarantee the object of transmission from historical interruption.Transmission is not only the record of the same period,but also the transmission across generations.Communication is an internal component of intercourse,which changes with intercourse,while intercourse changes with production.Inheritance is not achieved through isolated means of communication,but through"common labor".Inheritance depends not only on the wide range of transmission,but also on the change of the nature of intercourse.The machine medium is not the extension of man,but the substitution of man.The investigation of Marx and Engels’inheritance view provides us with a new perspective to observe the study of communication.