稻田生物固氮研究进展及方向

Advances and Perspectives in Paddy Biological Nitrogen Fixation

稻田淹水产生的合适pH和氧化-还原条件为固氮微生物的固氮提供了适宜环境条件,使得稻田在多年不施氮肥条件下仍能维持一定产量,而旱地产量则逐年下降。随着化学氮肥用量的增加,导致了严重的环境污染,迫切需要增加生物固氮来保证粮食生产和减少环境污染。为发挥稻田生物固氮功能,我们对稻田生物固氮的研究方法、固氮量、固氮微生物、影响因素、调控及其研究方向进行综述,以期为稻田生物固氮研究提供参考。

Suitable pH and oxy-reduction conditions in paddy induced by flooding supply optimal conditions for diazotrophs to do N2 fixation.Paddy biological N2 fixation makes paddy be different from upland.Paddy can sustain certain productivity under no N fertilization,while upland productivity decreases year by year.Along with an increase of chemical active N application,environment becomes severely polluted.To secure food production and decrease environmental pollution,biological N2 fixation is urgently to be increased to reduce chemical N fertilizer application.In order to better explore capacities of paddy biological N2 fixation,we make the reviews on progresses of quantification techniques,controlling factors,enhancement techniques and perspectives in paddy N2 fixation.We hope this review can offer some helps for further studies on paddy N2 fixation.