同群效应对创业及创业路径的影响——来自中国劳动力动态调查的经验证据

Peer Effects of Entrepreneurship:Evidence Based on CLDS

本文利用中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)数据建立微观计量模型分析了劳动者在创业中可能存在的同群效应的影响。首先,在充分考虑并控制了个人、家庭、社区和地区层面的特征以后,不论是利用2014年未考虑内生性的截面样本还是2012-2014年考虑了内生性的追踪调查样本进行的实证研究结果均证实了创业的同群效应的存在:劳动者居住社区较高的创业水平能显著提高劳动者创业的概率。其次,本文进一步考察了创业同群效应对不同创业类型和不同年龄段的两种可能的异质性影响:一方面,在个人受到同群效应的影响而进行创业路径的选择时,往往更倾向于选择难度更低的自雇类型的创业;另一方面,社区创业的同群效应对"70后"和"80后"的个体存在明显的影响,而对"90后"个体的影响并不明显。最后,本文通过对社区邻里互助和创业机会认知的观察验证了创业同群效应的传导机制:社区邻里之间的互助程度越高,同群效应对创业概率的影响就越大;同群效应改变了雇主型创业者对创业机会的认知从而提高了其主动创业的概率;而自雇型创业多为被动创业,其同群效应更大程度上来源于模仿行为的影响。

This paper used China Labor-force Dynamic Survey data to establish a micro-econometric model to analyze the possible peer effects during the process of starting up a business.In this model,we fully considered and controlled the characteristics of individual,family,community and district level.Whether used the cross section sample of 2014,or used the panel data of 2012-2014,all of our research results show that:higher entrepreneurial rate in the community which workers live in can significantly increases the probability of starting a business.This paper further studied the influence of peer effects on workers’entrepreneurial path and entrepreneurial motivation.The conclusions of this paper proved that there are three ways in which peer effects of entrepreneurship affects the probability of entrepreneurship:assistance and communication between community neighborhoods,individual perception of entrepreneurial opportunities and risks,and individual imitation of entrepreneurial behaviors of community neighbors.