中国城市居民代际居住安排:一项基于CHARLS的拓展研究

Inter-generational Living Arrangements for Chinese Urban Residents:Based on CHARLS

在现代化和老龄化的背景下,中国城市家庭居住安排正在经历着深刻的变迁。研究从家庭现代化因素、代际需求因素和家庭生命周期因素三个维度,利用"中国健康与养老追踪调查"2015年的数据,构建多项式logistic回归模型,对我国城市家庭代际居住安排进行分析。结果显示,在中国城市,约6成父母与已婚子女选择同住或邻住的居住方式。其中,代际需求对居住安排具有显著影响,同住安排表现出明显的子代需求导向,邻住安排则表现出明显的父辈需求导向,父辈丧偶和子代结婚是居住安排变化的关键节点。现代化和传统文化共同形塑了我国城市家庭的代际居住安排,现代化因素对同住安排具有双重影响,一方面为独立居住提供了经济基础和文化基础,另一方面加剧了环境的复杂性,促使个体通过回归家庭规避风险。

In the context of modernization and aging society,the living arrangements of urban families in China are undergoing profound changes.From the three dimensions of family modernization,inter-generational demands and family life cycle,this research,on the basis of the data of CHARLS2015 to construct a multinomial logistic regression model,aims to analyze the inter-generational living arrangements of urban families in China.The results show that nearly 60%of parents in urban China live with or nearby their married children,the type of which parents live with married children shows a clear needs-orientation of the offspring,while the type of which parents live nearby married children shows a clear needs-orientation of the parents.In addition,becoming a widow or widower for the parents or getting married for the children is a key node in the change of living arrangements.Modernization and traditional culture jointly shape the inter-generational living arrangements of urban families in China and modern factors have a dual impact on the living arrangements.On the one hand,modernization provides the economic and cultural foundation for independent living.On the other hand,modernization intensifies the complexity of the environment,allowing individuals to avoid risks by returning to the family.