世界的逻辑构造与超越--冯契早期“智慧说”的思想进路初探

Logical Structure and Transcendence of the World——An Exploration on Feng Qi s Early Thought of“Wisdom Theory”

冯契是中国现代思想史上最早直接提出"智慧说"并致力于此研究的哲学家。他把世界看成人们认识和理论构造的结果,现实世界中个体意见的纷纭对立是人们对世界进行逻辑结构化所造成的。他提出种类概念和元学概念、个体观念和元学观念,试图将概念的规范性转向观念的直觉和体验,尤其是通过元学观念的建构来实现既不脱离感觉的同时对整个器界把握的理解,实现从有量到无量到无限的把握。冯契除了借助逻辑的方式力图实现观念的自我转变,同时也阐释了运用去私涵养的方式来解除个人的偏私私利等对认识过程的干扰,这是他的"智慧说"会通中西的重要特征,并可见他与梁漱溟、冯友兰、牟宗三理性观念上的某些共性。

Feng Qi was the first philosopher in the history of modern Chinese thought who put forward the“Wisdom Theory”and devoted himself to it.He regarded the world as the result of people s understanding and theoretical construction,and the divergent opposition of individual opinions in the real world was caused by the process of logical structure of the world.He put forward the concepts of category and meta-learning,as well as the views of individual and meta-learning,trying to turn the normalization of the concept to the intuition and experience of the concept,especially to realize not only the existence of sense but also the understanding of the whole instrumental world through the construction of meta-learning view,so as to achieve the control from quantity to infinity.Moreover,Feng Qi attempted to realize the self-transformation of ideas by means of logic,and further explained how to use the way of self-restraint to remove the interference of individual s partiality and self-interest in the cognitive process,which was an important feature of his“Wisdom Theory”that could connect the East and the West.Indeed,he had something in common with Liang Shuming,Feng Youlan,Mou Zongsan,concerning the rational concept.