批判与建构:马克思“现实的个人”概念生成的历史逻辑

Critique and Construction:The Generative Logic of Marx s Realistic Individual

"现实的个人"是马克思主义伦理学研究中的一个焦点问题,对"现实的个人"这一范畴的科学界定得益于马克思对青年黑格尔派有关主体性思想的超越。一方面,青年黑格尔派的宗教批判所强调的对自我主体性的确证初步奠定了马克思"现实的个人"的自由面向。另一方面,通过对青年黑格尔派精神决定历史进程、意识决定国家与社会变革等思想的批判,马克思揭示了青年黑格尔派在人的问题理解上的虚幻性与反动性,赋予了真正的人以实践性、社会性和发展性。科学把握马克思的"现实的个人"概念生成的历史逻辑以及具体内涵是我们探讨马克思唯物史观的逻辑起点,也是开启马克思伦理思想研究的核心线索。

Realistic individual is a focus in Marxist ethics.The scientific definition of the category of realistic individual benefits from Marx s transcendence over Youthful Hegel School.On the one hand,Youthful Hegel School s critique of religion s confirmation of self-subjectivity establishes Marx s freedom of realistic individual.On the other hand,Marx reveals Youthful Hegel School s illusiveness and reactionary in human-related issues by criticizing its thoughts,such as“spirit determines history”,“consciousness determines national and social reforms”,etc.and thus endows human with practicality,sociality and development.The scientific mastery of Marx s realistic individual s generative logic and concrete connotation is the logic starting point of Marx historical materialism study and the key thread of Marxist ethics study.