文艺下乡:新中国成立初期太湖流域评弹艺人的思想教育与身份重塑

Sending Storytelling Art to Countryside:The Ideological Education and Identity Recreation of Pingtan Artists in Taihu Lake Basin During the Early Days of the People s Republic of China

新中国成立初期,太湖流域的评弹艺人在舆论敦促与国家督导下,以前所未有的规模参与了国家对农村地区的思想教育。以往自由散漫的艺人开始以一种"文艺轻骑兵"的崭新姿态成了国家在农村的"文化代理人"。艺人的努力虽然有效地传播了国家意志,但由于经济问题以及缺乏编创能力,艺人们对下乡并没有普遍的兴致,甚至出现了相当程度的抵触情绪。蜂拥而至的评弹艺人使农民通过他们传达的内容对国家政策以及国家提倡的革命理念有了更充分的了解,但农民对评弹艺术的娱乐性消费也妨碍了自身对国家意愿的准确判断。同时,在国家的布置下,艺人被要求在下乡的同时过滤掉旧思想,实现身份再造。而评弹艺人在对农民日常技能的竭力模仿中,迅速完成身份转换则成了他们的迫切需要。

In the early days of the People s Republic of China,under the great force of public opinions and the guidance of supervisory authorities,Pintan artists in the Taihu Lake Basin participated in the national ideological-political education movement in rural areas on an unprecedented scale.Free and undisciplined before,they began to take on a fresh look of a“literary light brigade”and act as the“culture agent”in the countryside.Although the official expectation had been realized with their efforts by effectively disseminating the authorities will,due to financial difficulties as well as the incapacity of creating books on current affairs,they didn t show prevailing interests in going to the countryside,or rather manifested resistance to a considerable degree.As storytellers flooded in,peasants in the countryside got a better understanding of national policies and revolutionary ideas advocated by the government;but on the other hand,their entertaining attitudes towards Pingtan hindered the accurate judgments of the authorities will.In the meantime,according to the government arrangements,storytellers were required to filter out the old thinking and re-create identities while going to the countryside.Hence,the rapid identity change had become their urgent need in imitating the living skills of the peasants.