剩余控制权:社会组织自主性的机制考察--以H市多边合同执行为例

The Residual Rights of Control:Shaping Mechanism of Social Organizational Autonomy--Taking the Implementation of Multilateral Contract Model in City H as an Example

十八大以来,中国社会组织总体上面临着宏观激励明显但实际收效有限的发展困境。学界提出了"结构论与行动论"二元理解框架,但尚缺乏从结构到行动的中间变量分析。本文以H市近十年来政府购买社会组织服务的政策演变为线索,引入"剩余控制权"框架延长制度分析的解释链条来考察社会组织自主性机制。从项目形成与合同主体来看,H市采用包含"委托方"、"管理方"和"代理方"的多边合同模式。购买服务的市场化运作逻辑与上下分层的科层执行体系使得多边合同的结构变得复杂,为剩余控制权的形成提供空间。剩余控制权通过合同前期表达信息的能力、中期影响对接的能力与后期改变激励的能力三种具体运作形式对社会组织自主性发挥重要影响,并导致社会组织发展被锁定在较低水平的技术应对层面。未来推进社会组织自主性成长必须要超越技术治理的框架结构,打破上下分层的执行体系,为其发展提供稳定一致的制度环境。

Since the 18th CPC National Congress,China’s social organizations have generally faced a development dilemma with obvious macro incentives but limited practical results.The academic circles put forward the twodollar framework of"Structure Theory"and"Action Theory",which still lacks a middle variable inspection from structure to action.This paper takes the evolution of service outsourcing policy in H City as a clue,and introduces"residual rights of control"theory to prolong the interpretation chain to discover the shaping mechanism of social organizational autonomy.From the formation of the project and the subjects of the contract,H City adopts multilateral contract model which includes"Principal","Manager"and"Agent".The market logic of project venture investment and the hierarchical execution system of bureaucracy make the multilateral contract have dislocated structural characteristic,which provides the space for the formation of residual rights of control.The residual rights of control plays an important impact on the autonomy of social organizations through the ability of information expression in the early period of the contract,the ability of docking in the medium term and the ability to change motivation in the later period,and the development of social organizations has been locked into a low level of technical coping level.The reform of promoting the autonomy of social organizations in the future must go beyond the framework structure of technological governance,break the implementation system of bureaucracy,and provide a stable and consistent institutional environment.