“君弦”“无射律”探微--兼论《红楼梦》后四十回作为“续书”的自觉

A Study on Jun String and Wuyi Tone in the Latter Forty Chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions

"君弦"指古琴第一弦,是基于琴弦与五声的象征意义而言,不能与五声对应的具体音高及其比例关系混淆。通过妙玉口中的"无射律"可以推知,黛玉调弦换调后所用的弦式是紧五慢一调,这与黛玉弹琴时的情感、情绪正相呼应。这一情节的设计,不仅反映了后四十回有意模仿前八十回的写作风格,也展现了作者接续前八十回故事框架及人物命运走向的努力。然而,与前八十回相比,作者对古琴专业知识、专业文献与小说人物、情节之间关系的处理,显得"消化不良",对前八十回情节的呼应和故事框架的接续,也过于刻意。这意味着,后四十回作者有着高度自觉的"续书"意识,使得百二十回《红楼梦》成为了相对完整的整体。

Jun string [君弦] refers to the first string of Guqin, which is based on the symbolic meaning of the Five Notes rather than the musical pitch. In a scene in the latter forty chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions, Daiyu modulates the strings by loosening the first string and tightening the fifth and makes it Wuyi tone [无射律], as mentioned by Miaoyu. This tone, which usually plays grieving sound, is in line with the sentiment of Daiyu at that moment. This deliberate set reflects the writer’s effort to imitate the former eighty chapters and continue the story within the frame, which might seem abrupt as the knowledge and literature of Guqin are not integrated well into the plot and figures. It can be concluded that the writer of the latter forty chapters has kept the awareness of sequel writing and intentionally made all 120 chapters a rather consistent and intact story.