台风“山竹”对深圳城市绿地及生物量的影响

The influence of Typhoon Mangkhut on urban green space and biomass in Shenzhen,China

台风是影响沿海城市绿地生态系统最主要、最频繁的自然干扰因子。2018年9月的台风"山竹"以强台风等级袭击深圳,陆地最大阵风达46.5 m/s(15级)。以深圳市区绿地(公园绿地、居民区绿地、行道树)中的乔木为研究对象,通过灾后实地调研,采用相关统计方法以及生物量评估方法,探讨了台风"山竹"对深圳市区绿地的影响。结果表明:(1)深圳市区调查树木受损比例高达21.4%,其中以轻度受损(枝干折断)为主;市区树冠生物量总量较台风之前下降了8.44%。(2)南部地区受损程度明显高于内陆,东南地区受损程度高于西北地区;福田区、龙岗区以及坪山新区受损情况最为严重,受损树木比例均超过30%。中东部树冠生物量损失程度高于西部地区。(3)公园绿地受损最为严重,居民区绿地的受损情况最轻。(4)行道树中黄金榕、腊肠树受损比例均超过50%,而棕榈科植物受损程度较轻。研究结果可为深圳市抗风树种的选择、不同类型绿地针对台风的减灾防灾策略提供科学依据。

Typhoon is one of the most important and frequent natural factors that disturbs the green space ecosystem of coastal cities.Super Typhoon Mangkhut hit Shenzhen with a maximum onshore gust of 46.5 m/s(category 15)in September 2018.This study explored the impact of this typhoon on trees in the urban green space(parks,residential neighborhoods,and street trees)in Shenzhen based on field investigation right after the disaster,using statistical methods and biomass assessment.The results showed that(1)the damage rate of trees in the urban area of Shenzhen was up to 21.4%,among which the main damage was mild damage(i.e.,branches broken),and the total canopy biomass decreased by 8.44%.(2)Spatially,the extent of damage was significantly higher in coastal area than in the interior,and in the southeast than in the northwest.Futian,Longgang and Pingshan district suffered the most serious damage,with the proportion of damaged trees exceeding 30%.The canopy biomass loss in the central and eastern regions was higher than that in the western regions.(3)The damage was the worst in parks,and the least in residential neighborhoods.(4)The damage rates of Ficus microcarpa and Cassia fistula were both more than 50%,while that of palmae was slight.These results can provide insights for selecting wind-resistance trees and designing disaster reduction and prevention strategies for urban green space of different types in Shenzhen.