乌拉特荒漠草原红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)灌丛林地地面节肢动物群落季节分布特征

Seasonal distribution of ground⁃active arthropod community in Reaumuria soongorica shrubbery land in Urat desert steppe

以乌拉特荒漠草原红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)灌丛林地作为研究样地,分别于2018年春季、夏季和秋季,利用国际通用的陷阱诱捕法,调查了地面节肢动物群落季节动态分布特征及其与环境因子间的关系。结果显示:(1)3个季节内共捕获地面节肢动物560只,隶属于10目23科。其中,春季优势类群为拟步甲科,夏季为拟步甲科和蚁科,秋季为拟步甲科,其个体数分别占总个体数的51.54%、59.11%和64.88%;常见类群春季和夏季均有8类,秋季有10类,其个体数分别占总个体数的43.08%,37.33%和32.68%;稀有类群春季有7类,夏季有6类,秋季有3类,其个体数分别占总个体数的5.38%、3.56%和2.44%。(2)3个季节内生物量占比超过10%的地面节肢动物类群仅有拟步甲科,春季、夏季和秋季其分别占群落总生物量的88.59%、72.56%和80.90%;1%—10%的地面节肢动物类群生物量,春季、夏季和秋季其分别占群落总生物量的9.76%、25.51%和17.78%;小于1%的地面节肢动物类群生物量,春季、夏季和秋季其分别占群落总生物量的1.62%、1.94%和1.32%。(3)随季节变化,地面节肢动物的密度、类群数、Shannon⁃Wiener指数和Simpson指数均存在显著差异性(P<0.05),表现为夏季显著高于春季或秋季。(4)RDA和Spearman相关分析结果表明,降雨量、气温、土壤含水量、土壤pH和电导率及土壤粒径组成是地面节肢动物季节分布的重要影响因素。研究表明,随着季节更替乌拉特荒漠草原红砂灌丛林地地面节肢动物群落组成季节分布差异性较大,夏季地面节肢动物多样性较高,而且不同类型环境因子对于地面节肢动物的个体数分布影响不同。

A field survey was conducted to investigate the community composition and seasonal dynamics of ground⁃active arthropods in Reaumuria soongorica shrubbery land in Urat Desert Steppe.In order to determine seasonal changes,pitfall traps were used to collect specimens in spring,summer and autumn in 2018.The results showed that:(1)there were 560 individuals of ground⁃active arthropods captured in the three seasons,belonging to 23 families and 10 orders.Among them,the dominant group was Tenebrionidae in spring,Tenebrionidae and Formicidae family in summer,and Tenebrionidae in autumn,accounting for 51.54%,59.11%,and 64.88%of the total individual number,respectively.There were 8 common groups in spring and summer,and 10 common groups in autumn,accounting for 43.08%,37.33%and 32.68%of the total individual numbers,respectively.There were 7 rare groups in spring,6 in summer,and 3 in autumn,accounting for 5.38%,3.56%and 2.44%of the total individual numbers,respectively.(2)The ground⁃active arthropods that accounted for more than 10%of total biomass were the Tenebrionidae family,accounting for 88.59%,72.56%and 80.90%of the total biomass of the community in spring,summer,and autumn,respectively.Ground⁃active arthropod biomass between 1%and 10%accounted for 9.76%,25.51%,and 17.78%of the total community biomass in spring,summer and autumn,respectively.The groups with the proportion of biomass<1%accounted for 1.62%,1.94%and 1.32%of the total community biomass in spring,summer and autumn,respectively.(3)There were significant differences in density,group numbers,Shannon⁃Wiener index,and Simpson index of ground⁃active arthropods with seasonal dynamics(P<0.05),with significantly higher values in summer than in spring or autumn.(4)The results from RDA and Spearman correlation analysis showed that rainfall,temperature,soil moisture,soil pH and conductivity,and soil particle size were important factors influencing the seasonal distribution of ground⁃active arthropods.It was concluded that the ground⁃active arthropods were dynamic along with the seasonal timing in Reaumuria soongorica shrubbery land in Urat desert steppe.There was markedly greater ground⁃active arthropod diversity obtained in summer.The environmental factors including rainfall,temperature,soil moisture,soil pH and conductivity,and soil particle size indicated significant effects on the individual distribution of ground⁃active arthropods.