城市绿地对居民身心福祉的影响

Study on the influence of urban green space on the physical and mental welfare of residents

城市绿地是人工与自然耦合的城市景观之一,是改善居民居住环境重要组成部分,更是提高居民身心健康的有效途径。以杭州主城区为研究对象,通过GIS技术对城市绿地遥感图像进行解译得到杭州主城区绿地空间布局图,同时,以人口密度为阻力要素,基于交通路网的500m网络距离可达范围内绿地数量和面积作为分类标准。通过对45个高、中、低不同档次的居民区进行问卷调查得到665份居民感知数据并进行统计整理。利用结构方程模型进行以绿地数量及游玩时间为标准的组间分析,区别不同组别的差异及其原因,分析城市绿地数量、面积,居民认知、动机,绿地吸引力等与居民身心健康福祉及满意度之间的关系。结果显示:城市绿地数量、居民游玩绿地次数时间等与居民福祉有显著的正向关系;居民对绿地作用的认知、去往绿地的动机进一步影响居民身心健康福祉;城市绿地的自身引力会激发居民去往绿地的积极性,从而增加去往绿地频次。另外,不同社会属性的个体对绿地需求不同,所产生的福祉效应及满意度也会有所差异。从增加居民区周围的街头绿地及邻里公园数量、提升绿地吸引力、提升居民对城市绿地作用的认知3个方面对城市绿地今后的发展规划提出建议。

Green spaces in cities provide an urban landscape where human beings can live close to nature.The inclusion of green space is an important part of improving the living environment of residents and an effective way to improve their physical and mental health.Taking the main urban area of Hangzhou as the research subject,a remote sensing image of urban green space was interpreted by GIS technology to obtain the green space layout of the main urban area of the city.At the same time,the population density was used as the resistance factor,the number and area of green space within 500m network distance of traffic network as classification standard.Secondly,perceptual data from 665 residents were obtained through questionnaire surveys of 45 high,medium,and low residential areas with different grades.Finally,a structural equation model was used to evaluate the inter-group analysis based on the number of green spaces and playtime,and distinguish the differences between various groups and the causes of these differences.The model was also used to assess the number of green spaces and the area they covered,residents′cognition,motivation,and green space attraction,plus the relationship between health benefits and satisfaction.The results show that the number of urban green spaces and the number of times the residents use the spaces have a significant positive relationship with the residents′well-being.The residents′perceptions of the role of green space and their motives for visiting green space further affect their physical and mental health.Indeed,an understanding of the importance of urban green space will stimulate residents′enthusiasm for using green spaces and increase the frequency with which they visit them.In addition,individuals with different social attributes have different needs for green space;therefore,the resulting welfare effects and level of satisfaction will also vary.Finally,suggestions are made for the future development planning of urban green space from three aspects:increasing the number of street green spaces and neighborhood parks around residential areas,enhancing the attractiveness of green spaces,and raising the awareness of residents of the role of urban green space.