两种正义:《资本论》语境中的马克思正义观探析

Two Kinds of Justice: An Exploration and Analysis of Karl Marx’s View of Justice in the Context of Das Kapital

在《资本论》中,马克思以唯物史观为基础,在批判继承古典经济学的基础上创立了科学的劳动价值论,揭示了现代正义观是商品交换中交换主体之间地位平等和契约自由的观念表现,然而现代正义观在资本主义商品经济中开始走向其反面,自由、平等和所有权"三位一体"的资产阶级正义观不过是遮蔽资本统治的意识形态"幻象"。《资本论》中,马克思确立了基于生产方式考察正义现实基础的"间接正义"和以消灭阶级和实现"每一个人的全面而自由的发展"为核心的"直接正义",这种辩证结构体现了马克思正义观描述性和规范性的统一。

In Das Kapital, on the basis of historical materialism, Marx founded the scientific theory of labor value based on inheriting classical economics critically, and revealed that the modern view of justice is the conceptual expression of the equality of status between exchange agents in commodity exchange and the freedom of contract. However, in the capitalist commodity economy, the modern view of justice starts to move towards its opposite. The bourgeois view of justice, freedom, equality, and ownership as a"trinity", is just an ideological"illusion"that shields the rule of capital. In Das Kapital, Marx established the"indirect justice"that disputes the realistic basis based on the mode of production and the"direct justice"centered on the elimination of classes and the realization of"the comprehensive and free development of every human being". This dialectical structure embodies the unity of descriptiveness and normativeness.