汉代圣人儒化与神化的学理考察

The Theoretical Investigation of the Confucianization and Deification of the Sage in the Han Dynasty

圣人是各家学派奉行的理想人格典范。在汉代儒生与皇权的共谋下,圣人在人格内涵上逐渐儒化,这是宗孔为师的儒家学说成为官方意识形态的必要前提与必然结果。材性等差上的圣凡有别又先天地设立了圣人与凡夫之间的障碍和隔阂,为圣人神化奠定了材性上的基础,最终使圣人在大一统专制政权下而呈现出王圣合一的新形态。

The sage is the ideal personality model pursued by various schools. With the collusion of Confucian scholars and imperial power in the Han dynasty, the sage gradually became Confucianized in the sense of the connotation of personality, which is the necessary premise and inevitable result of Confucianism as an official ideology that holds Confucius in esteem. Differences between the sage and ordinary persons in terms of disparate natural instincts also a priori set up the barrier and gap between them, which lays a foundation of natural instincts for the deification of the sage and finally makes the sage present the unity of the king and the sage as a new form under a unified authoritarianism.