“极端主义”表达的法律界线——以《新疆维吾尔自治区去极端化条例》为依据

Legal Limits of“Extremism”Expression——Based on The Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on De-Extremization

表达可以分为政治表达和非政治表达,《新疆维吾尔自治区去极端化条例》将“极端化”和“极端主义”概念界定为一种混合型的“伪宗教”表达形态。基于“极端主义”本质上的“非宗教性”,通过分析消极信仰自由保护、宗教事务的国家中立义务,阐明了“极端主义”不适用我国宪法的宗教信仰自由原则。表达自由具有相对性,限制表达自由基于事实判断和价值判断的区分原理,从事前预防侧重监督和证明义务、事后追惩侧重客观化原则两个方面,完善《新疆维吾尔自治区去极端化条例》对“极端化”事实行为的认定。

Expression can be divided into political expression and non-political expression.The De-Extremization Ordinance defines the concepts of“extremism”,which is a mixed form of“pseudo-religion”expression.From the point of view of non-religion in essence,this paper clarifies that“extremism”do not apply to the principle of freedom of religious belief in the Constitution by analyzing the protection of negative freedom of belief and the neutral obligation of the state in religious affairs.Freedom of expression has relativity.It restricts the principle of distinguishing freedom of expression from fact judgment and value judgment.It focuses on supervision and burden of proof in pre-prevention and objectivity in post-punishment.It also improves the determination of“extremity”factual behavior in De-extremization Regulations.