重载铁路道岔关键技术研究与应用

Research and Application of Key Technologies of Heavy Haul Railway Turnouts

我国重载铁路道岔核心部件伤损频繁且发展迅速,威胁行车安全并影响运输效率,导致运维成本高昂。研发重载铁路系列道岔的过程中,首次提出增大道岔导曲线相离值、"直曲组合型"曲线尖轨、刨切基本轨加厚尖轨、优化辙叉结构、加宽辙叉心轨、采用岔枕带预埋铁座的弹条分开式扣件系统等多项优化措施。通过在大秦铁路、朔黄铁路和浩吉铁路等项目的试用及推广实践证明,重载铁路道岔整体强度较高,可有效降低养护维修工作量,能够达到直尖轨通过总重4亿t、曲尖轨1亿t、固定型辙叉3亿t、可动心轨辙叉7亿t的预期目标。

The core components of heavy haul railway,i.e.turnouts are frequently damaged and deteriorate rapidly in China,which threatens the operation safety and affects the transport efficiency,resulting in high operation and maintenance costs.In the process of researching and developing turnout series for heavy haul railway,for the first time,lots of optimization measures were proposed,such as increasing the separating value of turnout lead curve,curved switch point of the"combined straight line and curve"type,slicing the stock rail and thickening the switch point,optimizing the frog structure,widening the frog point rail,and adopting a split clip fastening system with iron seats embedded in turnout ties.The trial application and promotion on DatongQinhuangdao Railway,Shenchi–Huanghua Railway and Haolebaoji-Ji’an Railway proved that these turnouts for heavy haul railway have a high overall strength,which can effectively reduce the maintenance workload and fulfill the goals of gross carrying weight as much as 400 million tons for straight switch point,100 million tons for curved switch point,300 million tons for fixed frog,and 700 million tons for movable point frog.