法经济学视野下碳排放权法律性质解析

Analysis of the legal nature of carbon emission right from the perspective of law and economics

碳排放权的法律性质是碳排放权交易的基础问题,决定了碳排放权交易的理论拓展以及制度设计。为回应公平正义的价值需求,设置碳排放权应当将保护“基本环境权”作为正当性前提。环境资源产权化是碳排放权的生成路径,但在界定碳排放权的法律性质时,“政府的分配行为”与“经济主体的交易行为”都可以作为界定进路的逻辑起点,不同的逻辑起点分别推导出碳排放权“行政权”与“财产权”属性。在中国现行的法律制度体系下,将碳排放权界定为“准用益物权”,并在《物权法》上寻找碳排放权的栖身之所,是碳排放权法权化的一条重要途径。

The legal nature of carbon emission trading is the basic issue of carbon emission trading,which determines the theoretical development and system design of carbon emission trading.In order to respond to the value demand of fairness and justice,the establishment of carbon emission rights should take the protection of“basic environmental rights”as the premise of legitimacy.Starting from the theory of law and economics,the property right of environmental resources is the path of carbon emission.However,when defining the legal nature of carbon emission,both“government’s distribution behavior”and“economic subject’s transaction behavior”can be used as the logical starting point of defining the path.Different logical starting points derive the attributes of“administrative power”and“property right”of carbon emission respectively.Under the current legal system of China,it is an important way to define the carbon emission right as“quasi usufruct”and find a place for carbon emission right in the property law.